Jul 02, · Facts About The Name of Mohenjo-Daro: Our teacher told us that Mohenjo-Daro also known by the name of Mound of the Dead is an archeological site. It is in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. It was built around BCE and one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley blogger.coms: 4 May 05, · Essay on a visit to a historical place mohenjo daro. This task is located west to evaluate statues and harappa in pakistan. Com. Com. Mohenjo-Daro is the most of australia lies the analysis of words to directed by ashutosh gowariker. Located in abundance at mohenjo daro. Click on plastic art history in present-day pakistan and china. Osborn's class!Estimated Reading Time: 2 mins Apr 02, · The Mohenjo-Daro’s culture and existence was relatively short due to geographical conditions. They still existed in an environment that included many of the same concepts and structures that we have today. From social classes and art, to communication skills and technology, they proved that they were a people capable of basic blogger.comted Reading Time: 4 mins
Mohenjo-daro - Wikipedia
Built around BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisationand one of the world's earliest major citiescontemporaneous with the civilizations of ancient EgyptMesopotamiaMinoan Creteessay on mohenjo daro, and Norte Chico. Mohenjo-daro was abandoned in the 19th century BCE as the Indus Valley Civilization declined, and the site was not rediscovered until the s. Significant excavation has since been conducted at the site of the city, which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in The city's original name is unknown.
Based on his analysis of a Mohenjo-daro seal, Iravatham Mahadevan speculates that the city's ancient name could have been Kukkutarma "the city [ -rma ] of the cockerel [ kukkuta ]". Mohenjo-daro may also have been a point of diffusion for the eventual worldwide domestication of chickens.
Mohenjo-daro, the modern name for the site, has been variously interpreted as "Mound of the Dead Men" in Sindhiand as "Mound of Mohan" where Mohan is Krishna. Mohenjo-daro is located west essay on mohenjo daro the Indus River in Larkana DistrictSindh, Pakistan, in a central position between the Indus River and the Ghaggar-Hakra River. It is situated on a Pleistocene ridge in the middle of the flood plain of the Indus River Valley, essay on mohenjo daro, around 28 kilometres 17 mi from the town of Larkana.
The Indus still flows east of the site, but the Ghaggar-Hakra riverbed on the western side is now dry. Mohenjo-daro was built in the 26th century BCE.
At its height, the Indus Civilization spanned much of what is now Pakistan and North India, extending westwards to the Iranian border, south to Gujarat in India and northwards to essay on mohenjo daro outpost in Bactriawith major urban centers at Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, LothalKalibanganDholavira and Rakhigarhi.
Mohenjo-daro was the most advanced city of its time, with remarkably sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning. The ruins of the city remained undocumented for around 3, years until R.
Banerjian officer of the Archaeological Survey of Indiavisited the site in —20 identifying what he thought to be a Buddhist stupa — CE known to be there and finding a flint scraper which convinced him of the site's antiquity. This led to large-scale excavations of Mohenjo-daro led by Kashinath Narayan Dikshit in —25, and John Marshall in — Dikshitar and Ernest Mackay. Further excavations were carried out in by Mortimer Wheeler and his trainee, Essay on mohenjo daro Hasan Dani.
The last major series of excavations were conducted in and by George F. After excavations were banned due to weathering damage to the exposed structures, and the only projects allowed at the site since have been salvage excavations, surface surveys, and conservation projects. In the s, German and Italian survey groups led by Michael Jansen and Maurizio Tosi used less invasive archeological techniques, such as architectural documentation, surface surveys, and localized probing, to gather further information about Mohenjo-daro.
Mohenjo-daro has a planned layout with rectilinear buildings arranged on a grid plan. The covered area of Mohenjo-daro is estimated at hectares. The sheer size of the city, and its provision of public buildings and facilities, suggests a high level of social organization. The Citadel — a mud-brick mound around 12 metres 39 ft high — is known to have supported public baths, a large residential structure designed to house about 5, citizens, and two large assembly halls.
The city had a central marketplace, with a large central well. Individual households or groups of households obtained their water from smaller wells.
Waste water was channeled to covered drains that lined the major streets. Some houses, presumably those of more prestigious inhabitants, include rooms that appear to have been set aside for bathing, and one building had an underground furnace known as a hypocaustpossibly for heated bathing. Most houses had inner courtyards, essay on mohenjo daro, with doors that opened onto side-lanes.
Some buildings had two stories. InSir Mortimer Wheeler identified one essay on mohenjo daro building in Mohenjo-daro as a "Great Granary". Certain wall-divisions in its massive wooden superstructure appeared to be grain storage-bays, complete with air-ducts to dry the grain. According to Wheeler, carts would have brought grain from the countryside and unloaded them directly into the bays. However, Jonathan Mark Kenoyer noted the complete lack of evidence for grain at the "granary", which, he argued, might therefore be better termed a "Great Hall" of uncertain function.
From a colonnaded courtyard, steps lead essay on mohenjo daro to the brick-built pool, which was waterproofed by a lining of bitumen, essay on mohenjo daro. The pool measures 12 metres 39 ft long, 7 metres 23 ft wide and 2. It may have been used for religious purification. Other large buildings include a "Pillared Hall", thought to be an assembly hall of some kind, and the so-called "College Hall", a complex of buildings comprising 78 rooms, thought to have been a priestly residence.
Mohenjo-daro had no series of city walls, but was fortified with guard towers to the west of the main settlement, essay on mohenjo daro, and defensive fortifications to the south.
Considering these fortifications and the structure of other major Indus valley cities like Harappait is postulated that Mohenjo-daro was an administrative center. Both Harappa and Mohenjo-daro share relatively the same architectural layout, and were generally not heavily fortified like other Indus Valley sites.
It is obvious from the identical city layouts of all Indus sites that there was some kind of political or administrative centrality, but the extent and functioning of an administrative center remains unclear.
The location of Mohenjo-daro was built in a relatively short period of time, with the water supply system and wells being some of the first planned constructions. The city also had large platforms perhaps intended as defense against flooding. Numerous objects found in excavation include seated and standing figures, copper and stone tools, carved sealsbalance-scales and weightsgold and jasper jewellery, and children's toys.
There even seems to be an entire section of the city dedicated to shell-working, located in the northeastern part of the site, essay on mohenjo daro. Pottery and terracotta sherds have been recovered from the site, with many of the pots having deposits of ash in them, leading archeologists to believe they were either used to hold the ashes of a person or essay on mohenjo daro a way to warm up a home located in the site.
The finds from Mohenjo-daro were initially deposited in the Lahore Museumbut later moved to the ASI headquarters at New Delhi, where a new "Central Imperial Museum" was being planned for the new capital of the British Raj, in which at least a selection would be displayed.
It became apparent that Indian independence was approaching, but the Partition of India was not anticipated until late in the process. The new Pakistani authorities requested the return of the Harappan pieces excavated on their territory, but the Indian authorities refused. Eventually an agreement was reached, whereby the finds, totalling some 12, objects most sherds of potterywere split equally between the countries; in some cases this was taken very literally, essay on mohenjo daro, with some necklaces and girdles having their beads separated into two piles.
In the case of the "two most celebrated sculpted figures", Pakistan asked for and essay on mohenjo daro the so-called Priest-King figurewhile India retained the much smaller Dancing Girl[39] and also the Pashupati seal.
Most of the objects from Mohenjo-daro retained by India are in the National Museum of India in New Delhi and those returned to Pakistan in the National Museum of Pakistan in Karachiwith many also in the museum now established at Mohenjo-daro itself. Inessay on mohenjo daro, a small representative group of artefacts excavated at the site was transferred to the British Museum by the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India.
Discovered by John Marshall inthe idol appears to mimic certain characteristics that match the Mother Goddess belief common in many early Near East civilizations. One of said figures, pictured below, is A bronze statuette dubbed the "Dancing Girl", She's about fifteen years old I should think, not more, but she stands there with bangles all the way up her arm and nothing else on.
A girl perfectly, for the moment, perfectly confident of herself and the world. There's nothing like her, I think, in the world. John Marshallanother archeologist at Mohenjo-daro, described the figure as "a young girl, essay on mohenjo daro hand on her hip in a half-impudent posture, and legs slightly forward as she beats time to the music with her legs and feet. The statue led to two important discoveries about the civilization: first, that they knew metal blending, casting and other sophisticated methods of working with ore, and secondly that entertainment, especially dance, was part of the culture.
Ina seated male soapstone figure was found in a building with unusually ornamental brickwork and a wall-niche. Though there is no evidence that priests or monarchs ruled Mohenjo-daro, archaeologists dubbed this dignified figure a "Priest-King". The sculpture is He wears an armband, and a cloak with drilled trefoil essay on mohenjo daro, single circle and double circle motifs, which show traces of red.
His eyes might have originally been inlaid. A seal discovered at essay on mohenjo daro site bears the image of essay on mohenjo daro seated, cross-legged and possibly ithyphallic figure surrounded by animals. The figure has been interpreted by some scholars as a yogiand by others as a three-headed "proto- Shiva " as "Lord of Animals". Sir Mortimer Wheeler was especially fascinated with this artifact, which he believed to be at least 4, years old.
The necklace has an S-shaped clasp with seven strands, each over 4 ft long, of bronze-metal bead-like nuggets which connect each arm of the "S" in filigree. Each strand has between and of the many-faceted nuggets, and there are about 1, nuggets in total. The necklace weighs about grams in total, and is presently held in a private collection in India. An initial agreement to fund restoration was agreed through the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNESCO in Paris on 27 May Contributions were made by a number of other countries to the project:.
Preservation work for Mohenjo-daro was suspended in December after funding from the Pakistani government and international organizations stopped. Site conservation work resumed in Aprilusing funds made available by the UNESCO. Inresponsibility for the preservation of the site was transferred to the government of Sindh.
Currently the site is threatened by groundwater salinity and improper restoration. Many walls have already collapsed, while others are crumbling from the ground up, essay on mohenjo daro. InPakistani archaeologists warned that, without improved conservation measures, the site could disappear by The Mohenjo-daro site was further threatened in Januarywhen Bilawal Bhutto Zardari of the Pakistan People's Party chose the site for Sindh Festival's inauguration ceremony. This would have exposed the site to mechanical operations, including excavation and drilling.
Farzand Masih, head of the Department of Archaeology at Punjab University warned that such activity was banned under the Antiquity Actsaying "You cannot even hammer a nail at an archaeological site. Mohenjo-daro has a hot desert climate Köppen climate classification BWh with extremely hot summers and mild winters. The highest recorded temperature is Rainfall is low, and mainly occurs in the monsoon season July—September.
The average annual rainfall of Mohenjo-daro is The highest annual rainfall ever is From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Mohenjo-Daro. Archaeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. This article is about the archaeological site. For the Bollywood film, see Mohenjo Daro film. UNESCO World Heritage Site. Further information: Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Main article: Dancing Girl sculpture. Main article: Pashupati seal.
Harappa and Mohenjo Daro - reading lesson for kids
, time: 4:45Essay On A Visit To A Historical Place Mohenjo Daro
May 05, · Essay on a visit to a historical place mohenjo daro. This task is located west to evaluate statues and harappa in pakistan. Com. Com. Mohenjo-Daro is the most of australia lies the analysis of words to directed by ashutosh gowariker. Located in abundance at mohenjo daro. Click on plastic art history in present-day pakistan and china. Osborn's class!Estimated Reading Time: 2 mins Apr 02, · The Mohenjo-Daro’s culture and existence was relatively short due to geographical conditions. They still existed in an environment that included many of the same concepts and structures that we have today. From social classes and art, to communication skills and technology, they proved that they were a people capable of basic blogger.comted Reading Time: 4 mins Jul 02, · Facts About The Name of Mohenjo-Daro: Our teacher told us that Mohenjo-Daro also known by the name of Mound of the Dead is an archeological site. It is in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. It was built around BCE and one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley blogger.coms: 4
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